Polymer fasteners are increasingly being used in commercial airplane construction, particularly in areas where weight reduction, corrosion resistance, and electrical insulation are critical. These fasteners are generally made from high-performance polymers like PEEK (Polyether Ether Ketone), PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene), and nylon, which offer strength, durability, and specific advantages over traditional metal fasteners. Below are some specific examples of airplane components that utilise polymer fasteners:
Interior Cabin Panels and Overhead Bins
Polymer fasteners are frequently used to secure interior cabin panels, ceiling panels, and overhead luggage bins. These areas do not require the extreme strength of metal fasteners, making polymer fasteners an ideal choice due to their lightweight nature and ease of installation. PEEK or nylon fasteners are typically used in these applications, helping to reduce the overall weight of the aircraft while providing sufficient strength and durability for the cabin structure. Their corrosion resistance and non-conductive properties are also beneficial in maintaining cabin safety and comfort.
Seat Assemblies and Attachments
The seats in commercial airplanes are another area where polymer fasteners are commonly utilised. Fasteners made from materials like PEEK and nylon are used to attach seat frames, armrests, and tray tables. These fasteners provide the necessary strength to withstand the stresses caused by repeated passenger use while helping reduce weight. Additionally, polymer fasteners are often non-conductive, making them ideal for use in areas where electrical wiring is routed near seat structures, reducing the risk of interference.
Electrical and Avionics Enclosures
Polymer fasteners are used in securing electrical systems and avionics enclosures, where insulation and corrosion resistance are key. PEEK and PTFE fasteners are commonly chosen in these applications because of their excellent insulating properties, preventing the risk of electrical short circuits and interference in sensitive equipment. Furthermore, their resistance to corrosion ensures that they perform reliably in various environments, including high-humidity areas where moisture exposure could cause metal fasteners to degrade over time.
Cargo Bay Components
In the cargo bay of commercial aircraft, polymer fasteners are often used to secure non-structural components, such as lining panels, racks, and support structures. In these applications, weight reduction is important, and polymer fasteners like nylon or PEEK provide the necessary strength without adding excess weight. Their resistance to moisture and corrosion is also beneficial in the cargo hold, which can be exposed to varying temperature and humidity levels.
Wing Fairings and Non-Critical Exterior Components
For non-structural exterior components like wing fairings and access panels, polymer fasteners are sometimes used due to their resistance to corrosion and ease of maintenance. PEEK fasteners are particularly useful in these areas as they can withstand exposure to UV rays, fuel, hydraulic fluids, and other harsh chemicals that might degrade metal fasteners over time. Additionally, these fasteners provide lightweight alternatives in areas where reducing aircraft weight is critical for fuel efficiency.
Lavatory and Galley Equipment
Polymer fasteners are used in lavatories and galley equipment to secure items like countertops, partitions, and storage units. In these environments, resistance to moisture and chemicals is essential, making PTFE and nylon fasteners ideal. These fasteners also offer corrosion resistance, which is beneficial in the humid conditions found in lavatories and galleys, ensuring long-lasting performance and reducing maintenance needs.
Window Fastening Systems
Some polymer fasteners, particularly those made from high-performance materials like PEEK, are used in the window fastening systems of commercial aircraft. While metal fasteners are typically used for load-bearing window frames, polymer fasteners are sometimes used to secure interior trim around windows. These fasteners reduce weight and provide electrical insulation, particularly useful in areas where lighting or wiring runs near window structures.
Conclusion
Polymer fasteners are becoming increasingly valuable in the construction of commercial airplanes, particularly in non-critical and interior components. Used in applications such as cabin panels, seat assemblies, electrical enclosures, and cargo bay systems, polymer fasteners provide significant advantages over traditional metal fasteners, including reduced weight, corrosion resistance, and electrical insulation. By utilising materials like PEEK, PTFE, and nylon, aircraft manufacturers can improve efficiency, reduce maintenance costs, and enhance overall safety in various parts of the aircraft.